Kursus ini memberi penekanan kepada sistem endokrin dan pengawalaturan hormon pertumbuhan vertebrat. Peranan hormon, kompleks reseptor-hormon dan paksi hipotalamus-pituitari dalam sistem pembiakan vertebrat dibincangkan. Perkaitan faktor persekitaran dan(This course emphasizes on endocrine system and regulation of growth hormones in vertebrates. Role of hormones, receptor-hormone complexes and hypothalamic-pituitary axis in vertebrate reproductive system are discussed. Interaction between environmental f)