Kursus ini merangkumi prinsip biologi pembiakan bandingan bagi kumpulan vertebrat utama. Penggunaan kaedah cerapan kuantitatif, histologi dan mikroskop dalam pemerhatian dan pengenalpastian peringkat perkembangan gonad dan embrio dijalankan.(This course covers principles of comparative reproductive biology of major groups of vertebrates. The use of various quantitative and histological methods and microscopy to describe, observe and identify the developmental stages of gonad and embryo are c)