Kursus ini meliputi diversiti dan ciri biologi kumpulan dan spesies invertebrat akuatik yang hidup dalam ekosistem marin dan air tawar. Pertalian ciri adaptasi dan kemandirian invertebrat dengan struktur dan sistem biologinya ditekankan(The course covers diversity and biological characteristics of groups and species of aquatic invertebrates living in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Relationship between adaptation and survival of invertebrates with its structure and biological system i)