Kursus ini merangkumi ciri molekul yang membentuk sel dan asas kimianya, kaitan antara struktur komponen sel dan fungsinya, serta interaksi antara sel dengan sekitarannya. Aliran tenaga di dalam sel termasuk respirasi aerob dan fotosintesis, aliran maklu(This course covers the properties of molecules that form the cells and their chemical bases, the relationships between cell structural components and functions, and, also the interactions between cells and their environment. Energy flow in cells includi)